CHARGED PARTICLE SOFTWARE
CHARGED PARTICLE CODE
CHARGED PARTICLE SERIES

The atoms that have lost electrons are known as ‘ions’, carrying a positive electric charge. Pulling electrons away from many atoms, the alpha particle loses energy, slows down and finally stops. This energy is converted into heat, which is at the origin of the electricity produced by nuclear reactors.Īs a result of its positive electric charge, an alpha particle is capable of attracting electrons from a relatively large distance. Each of them take away an energy some 25 times higher than the 4 MeV given to an alpha particle. Heavier than alpha particles, fission products have a proportionally greater electric charge. This energy will slowly be dissipated through interactions with atoms along a very short trajectory.

Nuclear fission that takes place in nuclear reactors produces also charged nuclei (known as fission products) that inherit most of the liberated energy. They are strongly ionizing and easy to stop, but are much more dangerous than beta rays in case of ingestion or inhalation. They interact essentially with the medium they pass through because of their electric charge. Alpha particles are small nuclei whose energy is not high enough (with a few exceptions) to induce a nuclear reaction. They gradually slow down and then come to a complete stop. The antiproton and the eight particles produced by the annihilation ionize the liquid nitrogen, causing it to heat up and produce microscopic bubbles which allow for identification.Īlpha rays, fission products heavy, slow and ionizing particlesĬontrarily to neutral particles, electrically charged particles lose energy progressively as they travel: by liberating electrons from the atoms that they come across. This particular image shows the annihilation of an antiproton coming from the left with a target proton in the liquid hydrogen filling the chamber. Bubble chambers were large detectors built in the 1960’s and ‘70’s and installed on the trajectories of high energy particles produced by large accelerators. Published by AIP Publishing.This image of a ‘bubble chamber’ shows charged particles gradually depositing their energy along their trajectory.

CHARGED PARTICLE CODE

See for see (url) for access to the code and prepared example. Principles and instrumentation in time-of-flight mass spectrometry,” J. The commisioning of tess: An experimental facility for measuring the electron energy distribution from photocathodes,” in Proceedings of FEL2013 (2013). Rolandi, Particle Detection with Drift Chambers ( Studies towards an enhanced understanding of electron beams and their diagnostics,” Ph.D. Measurements of the longitudinal energy distribution of low energy electrons,” in Proceedings of IPAC2014 (2014).

Note on the grid-type electrostatic precipitator,” J.

CHARGED PARTICLE SERIES

Technical design of the mevva ion source at gsi and results of a long uranium beam time period,” in Emerging Applications of Vacuum-Arc-Produced Plasma, Ion and Electron Beams, NATO Science Series Vol. The code is made freely available and physical examples are highlighted where this code could be beneficial for different applications.

The tracking code is flexible in that any quantitatively describable particle distribution can be used for both electrons and ions as well as other benefits such as ease of export to other programs for analysis. The fields around such a geometry are presented as an analytical expression using several basic assumptions, however, it is apparent that computational calculations are required to obtain realistic values of electric potential and fields, particularly when multiple wire meshes are deployed.

CHARGED PARTICLE SOFTWARE

A tracking code based in Matlab-Simulink using field maps generated using finite element software has been developed which tracks electrons or ions through electrostatic wire meshes. Wire meshes are used across many disciplines to accelerate and focus charged particles, however, analytical solutions are non-exact and few codes exist which simulate the exact fields around a mesh with physical sizes.